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Contents
| FOREWORD | 5 | |
| Village Book Board | 5 | |
| Mayor Kristen K. Flaa | 6 | |
| The Birkeland Song | 7 | |
| THE VILLAGE BEFORE AND NOW | 13 | |
| Geological overview | 14 | |
| Ancient monuments | 17 | |
| Bus setting | 21 | |
| Weather layer | 22 | |
| Growing life | 25 | |
| The Birkenes goal | 27 | |
| "FEDRENEKYRKJA I NOREGS LAND" | ||
| The Christianization of Agder | 33 | |
| Church buildings and vicarage | 34 | |
| A state within a state | 35 | |
| THE REFORMATION 1536 | 36 | |
| Church assets | 37 | |
| Revenues and expenses | 38 | |
| The church on sale | 39 | |
| Chair allocation 1776 | 41 | |
| Sacristy being built | 43 | |
| New chair allocation | 44 | |
| Demand for a new church | 46 | |
| There will be construction | 47 | |
| Stone churches demolished | 48 | |
| The new church is consecrated | 50 | |
| Heating and lighting | 51 | |
| Old church paths | 53 | |
| On the church hill | 54 | |
| "The people are gathered - -" | 54 | |
| The cemetery | 56 | |
| Parsonage | 57 | |
| Church service | 59 | |
| Church supervision | 60 | |
| Communicant money and royal tithe | 61 | |
| Organ and hymnals | 62 | |
| Altarpiece and church bells | 63 | |
| Sunday sermons on the moors | 63 | |
| Own parish name? | 63 | |
| Better next time | 64 | |
| Maintenance | 65 | |
| Ornaments | 66 | |
| Parish council | 66 | |
| The church fight | 67 | |
| The church 100 years | 68 | |
| Memorial days | 70 | |
| Stretcher housing | 71 | |
| Expanding the vocation | 71 | |
| CLERICAL SERVICE | 72 | |
| Priests in Catholic times | 72 | |
| From the Reformation to the call being divided | 73 | |
| In your own parish | 87 | |
| Bell ringers, organists and ushers | 90 | |
| "Go forth therefore - - " missionaries | 91 | |
| THE SCHOOL STATION | 94 | |
| Goal setting and growth | 94 | |
| Pietism's school pattern | 95 | |
| School Act 1739 | 96 | |
| Resistance and procrastination | 97 | |
| Education of teachers | 97 | |
| District division and the first school holders | 97 | |
| Eidsvollsverket and the school | 99 | |
| Important school meeting 1825 | 100 | |
| National School Act 1827 | 101 | |
| Crosstalk | 102 | |
| School regulation 1839 | 103 | |
| An experimental scheme | 105 | |
| Salary and calculation methods | 105 | |
| Negligence | 105 | |
| Controversy over better circuit arrangement | 107 | |
| Permanent school? | 108 | |
| Teacher shortage | 112 | |
| Contact school - home | 113 | |
| Democratic responsibility | 116 | |
| School Act 1860 | 117 | |
| Circuit divisions | 118 | |
| Expanded professional circle | 119 | |
| Teachers in the second half of the 19th century | 120 | |
| Towards a firmer arrangement | 122 | |
| First school building | 122 | |
| Own school buildings in the districts | 123 | |
| Birkenes (Mollestad) | 122 | |
| Birch Land | 125 | |
| Eel | 129 | |
| Svaland (Ås) | 133 | |
| Sirekilen (Klepp) | 135 | |
| Håbesland and Holte | 137 | |
| Flå and Senumstad | 140 | |
| Vestheia (Mosfjell) | 143 | |
| Teaching aids | 145 | |
| The reading book battle | 146 | |
| School library | 147 | |
| Merger of circuits? | 148 | |
| Teachers in school | 148 | |
| Corporal punishment | 149 | |
| Reinhold | 149 | |
| Target forms | 150 | |
| Further education | 151 | |
| A suggestion | 151 | |
| Folk high school | 152 | |
| Sørlandets Kristelige Ungdomsskole | 153 | |
| Secondary school and high school class | 154 | |
| Secondary school | 155 | |
| Municipal comprehensive school | 156 | |
| 9-year unitary school | 156 | |
| Further plans | 157 | |
| HOUSE AND HOME | 158 | |
| Construction methods | 158 | |
| Heating | 159 | |
| Brewhouse and outbuildings | 161 | |
| Innbu | 161 | |
| Lighting | 163 | |
| Costume | 163 | |
| Other equipment | 164 | |
| BUILDING MANAGEMENT | 166 | |
| Front grower | 166 | |
| Presidency Act 1837 | 167 | |
| Taxes and benefits | 169 | |
| Other assignments | 169 | |
| East or west? | 170 | |
| Economy and tax base | 173 | |
| Slow payment | 173 | |
| Concessions | 174 | |
| Rationing | 175 | |
| Hard years | 176 | |
| War and occupation | 177 | |
| New village management | 177 | |
| Liberation and peace | 178 | |
| The municipality and the issue of binge drinking | 179 | |
| Development of public goods | 180 | |
| Law and justice | 183 | |
| A tough sheriff | 185 | |
| The Loft House Movement | 186 | |
| Electoral system | 186 | |
| Mayors in Birkenes | 188 | |
| Sheriffs | 190 | |
| Municipal treasurers | 190 | |
| HEALTH CARE AND WELFARE | 192 | |
| House councils and village doctors | 192 | |
| Health Act 1860 | 195 | |
| Joint municipal doctor and district doctor scheme | 196 | |
| Midwives | 197 | |
| Care in older times | 198 | |
| Poverty commissions | 199 | |
| Laying arrangement | 199 | |
| Social security benefits | 200 | |
| Distribution of expenses | 202 | |
| From Flakk nursing home to Birkenesheimen | 205 | |
| RURAL INDUSTRIES AND WORKING LIFE | 209 | |
| Agriculture: Ownership and operations | 209 | |
| Support measures | 210 | |
| From grain to cow | 213 | |
| Professional help | 213 | |
| Dairy farming | 215 | |
| Structural changes | 216 | |
| God ambod | 217 | |
| Economic downturn | 218 | |
| World War II and beyond | 219 | |
| Horticulture | 219 | |
| Beekeeping | 220 | |
| Forestry: In older times | 221 | |
| Restrictions | 222 | |
| Sawmill operations | 223 | |
| Shipbuilding and coal burning | 224 | |
| Sales opportunities | 226 | |
| Crisis and baby | 228 | |
| The forestry team | 228 | |
| Compulsory logging | 230 | |
| Increase | 230 | |
| Harvesting | 231 | |
| Hunting, trapping and fishing | 232 | |
| From craft to industry | 238 | |
| Trading conditions: City privileges | 242 | |
| Trade Act 1842 | 242 | |
| Land trader | 243 | |
| Birkeland Consumers' Association | 244 | |
| Birkenes Sparebank | 245 | |
| BUILDING LIFE | 249 | |
| Neighbor relations | 249 | |
| An enemy of the people | 250 | |
| The church's reaction | 251 | |
| Spiritual spring release | 252 | |
| The prayer house is being built | 253 | |
| Community life is emerging | 254 | |
| For NMS | 257 | |
| Christian youth association | 258 | |
| China Association | 258 | |
| Distinguished preachers | 260 | |
| Various mission teams | 263 | |
| Indremission associations | 264 | |
| Sunday school | 265 | |
| Scouts | 266 | |
| Stainless steel work | 267 | |
| Voluntary care for the poor | 270 | |
| Deaconess Association | 270 | |
| Sanitary association | 272 | |
| Association for the Disabled and the Blind | 274 | |
| Housewives' association, Farmers' women's association | 275 | |
| Farmers' association and farmers' union | 276 | |
| Singing and music life: Sangkor | 278 | |
| Salon orchestra and horn music | 278 | |
| Boys' music | 281 | |
| The public library | 283 | |
| People's Academy | 287 | |
| Youth team | 287 | |
| The sports team | 290 | |
| The shooting team | 292 | |
| The resistance tube | 294 | |
| COLLABORATION | 301 | |
| Road duties before | 301 | |
| Connecting roads inwards and outwards | 302 | |
| Mollestad - Vassbotten | 301 | |
| Ferrying at Mollestad | 303 | |
| Håbelandsheia | 304 | |
| Røynås 306 | 306 | |
| Mosfjell | 306 | |
| Svalandsheia | 308 | |
| Drangsholt - V. Moland's border | 309 | |
| Tveite | 310 | |
| Birkeland - Åmlisund | 310 | |
| Hagestad - Spotting | 311 | |
| Risdalsveien | 312 | |
| Rice water and a. s. | 313 | |
| Bruer | 314 | |
| Maintenance | 315 | |
| Running gear | 315 | |
| Shuttle service | 316 | |
| Bilferdsla | 318 | |
| The railway case | 320 | |
| Postal order | 323 | |
| Telephone connection | 324 | |
| Timber rafting | 325 | |
| MOVING IN AND OUT | 329 | |
| Moving between villages | 329 | |
| To America | 330 | |
| American letter | 330 | |
| FOLK MEMORY | 335 | |
| Sources | 341 | |
