Volume

1

E-book

https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2013112838002

Author(s)

O. Forstrom

Year

1990

Publisher

Henr. Køhn

ISBN

8299213703

Pages

496

Part of the work

Fredrikshald in 250 years

Source

BIBSYS

ed. 1915, 485 p. publisher E. Sem : https://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2011042706054

		Side
I.	HOW HALDEN CAME TO BE	1
II.	HALDEN AS A LOADING SITE	8
III.	HALDEN GETS FORTIFICATIONS	14
IV.	THE FIRST ATTACK ON HALDEN (1658)	16
V.	SECOND ATTACK ON HALDEN (FEBRUARY 1659)	21
VI.	TØNNE HUITFELDT AND HIS FORTIFICATION WORK	26
VII.	THE SIEGE OF HALDEN IN 1660	31
VIII.	HALDEN BECOMES A SHOPPING CITY	44
IX.	PEACE STONE IS LAID	52
X.	THE CITY'S APPEARANCE IN THE OLD DAYS	58
	The shoreline. Erobringer from the water. The harbor	58
	Bridges	69
	Streets and buildings. Public cleaning. Gardens and meadows. Private and public buildings	73
XI.	FROM 1665 UNTIL CHARLES 12'S ATTACK IN 1716	104
	Fredsaarene. The city fire of 1667	104
	The time of the Golden Lion feud. The city's 2nd fire in 1676	108
	Taxes and levies	110
	Os is placed under the city. The history of the Os estate	117
	Dissatisfaction among the inhabitants of the North Side	122
	Tistedalen is laid under the city. New facilities	123
	The fires of 1703	125
	The Eleven Years' War begins	127
XII.	KARL 12's ANGREP 1716	131
	Armor. The battle at Kirkebøen	131
	Smaafegtninger. Attack on the Svinesund Bridge. The Swedes conquer Sponviksskansen.	134
	The attack on July 4, 1716	139
XIII.	THE STATE OF THE CITY AFTER THE ATTACK	150
XIV.	THE SIEGE OF 1718. THE FALL OF KARL 12.	153
XV.	THE YEARS OF PEACE AFTER THE GREAT NORDIC WAR	167
	The state of the city after the war. Progress and prosperity in the 1730-40s	167
	The north side fire in 1759	170
	Difficult times. Tremendous tax pressure	172
	Political discontent. Fredrikshaldensers in negotiations with the Swedish king	178
	Good times. Strong recovery	183
XVI.	FROM 1801 TO THE WAR YEAR 1807	184
XVII.	THE WAR YEARS 1807-08	188
XVIII.	THE YEARS OF DECLINE 1812-13	200
XIX.	BUSINESS LIFE	203
	Timber trade and sawmill operations	203
	Swedish trade	225
	Smuggling	232
	Shipping	235
	Factory operations	250
	Handicrafts. Guilds	268
XX.	TWO PAINTERS IN FREDRIKSHALD IN THE 18TH CENTURY	275
XXI.	FEATURES OF LIFE AND CUSTOMS. SOCIAL CONDITIONS	278
	Drunkenness and violence	278
	Outrageous scenes in the church	282
	The influence of the military on conditions	283
	Crimes and punishments	285
	Amusements and diversions. Clubs	289
	Furnishings and equipment in the city's oldest period	292
	Clothing	295
	The home of a wealthy Frederickshaldsborg around the middle of the 18th century	298
	Relationships in the last half of the 18th century. Tone of voice. Dramatic interests	302
	Fredrikshalds contributors to the university in 1811	308
XXII.	OVERVIEW OF THE MOST IMPORTANT CASTLES IN FREDRIKSHALD	313
	Slegten Meng	313
	The older slegt Stang	318
	The younger Schlegt Stang	320
	Slegten Colbjørnsen	326
	The sledge weir	330
	The Blix sledge	332
	Slegten Wheel	333
	Slegten Tank	336
	Slegten Anker	340
XXIII.	GAARDEN RED	346
XXIV.	THE SCHOOL SYSTEM UNTIL AROUND 1800	358
	Teaching in Halden's time. The old Latin school in Fredrikshald	358
	The Danish Christian school	370
	School conditions in Tistedalen	378
XXV.	CHURCH BUILDINGS	383
XXVI.	ROWS OF PRIESTS AND CLERGY	395
	Parish priests for Søndre Fredrikhald and Id	395
	Resident chaplains for Søndre Fredrikshald	398
	Parish priests for Nordre Fredrikshald and Berg	400
	Resident chaplains for Nordre Fredrikshald and Berg	404
	Parish priests in Fredrikshalds parish	407
	Chaplains in Fredrikshalds congregation	408
XXVII.	THE LIFE OF THE CHURCH	410
XXVIII.	ROYAL VISITS TO FREDRIKSHALD IN THE OLD DAYS	422
XXIX.	CITIZEN ARMY	429
XXX.	MEDICAL AND HEALTH SERVICES	448
	Beard cutters and city surgeons. Epidemics	448
	Pharmacists	454
XXXI.	THE MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION	458
	Magistrates and mayors	458
	The town bailiff. The police force	463
	The detention rooms	469
	Poverty services	471
	the elite men	478
	Agents	479
	The city's accounts	481

Fredrikshald in 250 years : 1665-1915

Contents