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Contents
| THE MIDDLE AGES | ||
| FROM CLEARING TIME TO WASTELAND TIME | ||
| CHAPTER 1 CAGE RACING UNDER NEW CONDITIONS | ||
| (EARLY MEDIEVAL AND HIGH MEDIEVAL) | 7 | |
| New social powers, new thoughts. Written sources 7 | ||
| Settlement expansion and farm sharing | 11 | |
| New clearing and naming 12 Sources 13 Division of use 15 Clearing the outskirts and new farms and farms in Ski 16 New clearing. Division of farms and farms in Kråkstad 29 The settlement situation in the villages at the end of the High Middle Ages 52 | ||
| Differences in the rural community | 61 | |
| Landskylda and the markebol bill 61 The size of the farms 66 Large farms from the early Middle Ages 75 The size of the markebol of Ski and Kråkstad 77 The size of the farms 77 | ||
| CHAPTER 2 WAY OF LIFE, PRODUCTION AND OWNERSHIP | 82 | |
| Living conditions, diet and diseases 82 | ||
| Agricultural production | 85 | |
| Size of cereal production and measures of land value 85 Arable and agricultural land 86 Livestock, production and crop values on the average farm 88 Livestock production. The value of total production and of livestock and cereal production 90 | ||
| The population and the nutritional base | 93 | |
| Tithing. The size of net grain production 93 Population at the end of the High Middle Ages 97 Population development until 1350 99 The nutritional value of agricultural production and the composition of the diet 100 Additional industries 105 | ||
| Tenancy and land ownership | 109 | |
| The transition from freehold to leasehold 109 The debtor system and leaseholders' rights and obligations 115 | ||
| Property distribution | 119 | |
| The sources and the overall picture 119 Peasant and private estates 121 Local church estates 123 Parish priests' estates and income 124 How local church estates came into being 128 Crown estates become church estates. The Church of St. Mary's estate collection 133 The monastery property 136 The estate of the Bishop of Oslo and Oslo Cathedral 138 The size of the church's property at the end of the High Middle Ages 141 The estate of the nobility 144 Land prices and interest income 146 | ||
| CHAPTER 3 THE VILLAGES, THE CHURCH AND THE ROYAL POWER | 148 | |
| The church | 148 | |
| Rural churches 148 Priests and the people 152 The church organization 154 Less church income 156 | ||
| Local government and the king's men | 157 | |
| Lendmanns- og årmannsombudene 157 Sysselmannen 159 Ski and Kråkstad are administered under St. Mary's Church and the Chancellor of the Realm 161 Lagmannen 162 The Church gains jurisdiction 165 Skipreidene and leidangen 165 | ||
| Social and political unrest | 169 | |
| CHAPTER 4 SETTLEMENTS IN A PERIOD OF DECLINE (LATE MIDDLE AGES) | 174 | |
| Plague and crisis | 174 | |
| Settlement in the late Middle Ages | 176 | |
| Sources 176 Scattered settlement in Kråkstad 180 Wastelands and inhabited farms in Ski 188 The depopulation and settlement pattern 196 The decline in settlement in Ski and Kråkstad compared with other settlements 202 | ||
| The economic downturn and loss of population | 206 | |
| Agricultural production declines 206 Population declines 209 Fewer people, but increased standard of living 210 Land tax declines 212 The impact of the fall in land tax and property distribution 215 Land prices fall 222 | ||
| Rural people and governance | 224 | |
| Royal power is weakened, but the church is strengthened 224 Local government and administration of justice 225 | ||
| Closing words and retrospective | 229 | |
| REFERENCES | 233 | |
| LITERATURE AND SOURCES | 244 | |
| NAME REGISTER | 251 | |
