Why do we celebrate Midsummer?

People dancing around a bonfire on St. Hans Eve
"The Feast of Saint John" painted by Jules Breton (1827-1906)

Midsummer's Day itself always falls on June 24, but is celebrated the night before on Midsummer's Eve. What exactly do we celebrate on the evening when we light bonfires, eat good food and gather in social gatherings?

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