Subtitle

1800-1920

Volume

3

Author(s)

Arne Bugge Amundsen

Year

2004

Publisher

Fredrikstad Museum

Pages

544

Source

BIBSYS

Preface by the Rural Book Committee	5	7	Author's foreword

Introduction
The period 1800-1860	16	17	The period 1860-1920

PART 1 The period 1800-1860
CHAPTER 1 A VILLAGE IN TRANSITION
People counted	23	24	The population is growing
A mobile 19th century society	31	35	The population is concentrated
Population and industries	42	45	Some tracks to follow next

CHAPTER 2 EARTH AND PEOPLE IN MOTION
The property conditions at	50	51	Divestment of publicly owned land
the beginning of the 19th century		55	The manor houses change character
Homesteading - problem or opportunity? 59

CHAPTER 3 CULTIVATING THE EARTH IN A NEW ERA
Agricultural training	69	71	Matriculation
Valuation of farms in 1803	73	76	Agricultural production
Growth in production	78	80	New tools
Changing grain production	82	84	Potatoes
and increasing fold numbers		85	Livestock and food production
A more differentiated agriculture	89	90	Differences between farms
More food and full mouths?	93

CHAPTER 4 HOUSES, BARRACKS AND MANOR HOUSES
Small and large farms	97	100	Worker housing
Utility workers' homes	102	104	The manor houses
Housing and living conditions	108

CHAPTER 5 DIGNITY AND INDIGNITY - POVERTY AS A PROBLEM
The established schemes	117	119	Tight budgets in tight times
Own poor relief service in Sannesund	122	125	Between law and necessity
The needy	126	129	A nascent health care system
A new poorhouse?	131	134	Legd - between degradation
"Loose persons"	135		and reputation exchange
The time after 1845	136	138	New poorhouse
Increased expenses for poor relief	139	141	The position of the poor

CHAPTER 6 BETWEEN CHRISTIANITY AND ENLIGHTENMENT - THE SCHOOL SYSTEM IN OLD AND NEW TRACKS
The legacy of the 18th century	145	147	School commission and school laws
The school's finances	149	151	School visits - local large gatherings
Application school	153	154	Fixed school
School districts	157	158	School teachers
The school's content	163	170	A school for the old society?

CHAPTER 7 PRIEST AND CHURCH ON THE WAY TO NEW TIMES
Service types	173	179	The vicarage
New vicarage?	180	184	Old wine in a new leather bag
The church building in free fall	188	191	Cemeteries and burial chapels
From private owners to	195	199	The religious life
municipal churches

PART II The period 1860-1920

CHAPTER 8 WOOD, STONE AND CLAY - THE INDUSTRY IS TAKING SHAPE
Industry privileges are removed	207	208	Sawmills in a row
Booms and floating	213	216	Industrial work and business cycles
Brick production	218	220	The brickworks are up and running
Big investment - and big fall	224	227	Stone on stone
Structural changes - workers in	230
discretion or non-discretionary association

CHAPTER 9 LIVING CONDITIONS IN THE SHADOW OF INDUSTRY
Lodges and worker housing	233	238	Sofa beds and living rooms
Water porridge and milk gruel	241	243	New social patterns
An immigrant culture	244	247	Marriage and family patterns
Two family stories	249	252	Motives behind immigration
Immigration to Torsnes	258	260	Integration or conflict
Cultural aspects	263		in the local community?
by the immigration		265	Conflict areas
Worker religiosity and worker freedom	269	273	The battle for the thirsty workers

CHAPTER 10 BETWEEN PATERNALISM AND CLASS STRUGGLE
Salary and working conditions	279	283	Effort and risk
Child labor	285	288	Older workers
A migration eastward	289	290	Paternalism and paternal relationships
Politics as controversy	296	299	Strikes and unrest

CHAPTER 11 FARMING AND FISHING IN A MODERN SOCIETY
Agricultural reports	309	311	Farmers are getting organized
Dairies and milk processing	313	317	Farmer associations - information,
Animal shows and harness racing	324		purchasing and diligence
Horticulture and farmer economy	327	329	Peasant industry
The forest is cultivated and weapons are loaded	330	334	The fish - a dream come true
Large users and small users	336	337	Income and wealth among farmers
Smallholders	339	341	"The hometown" - the romantic
			paradise in a modern age

CHAPTER 12 FROM COMMUNITY SCHOOL TO PUBLIC SCHOOL
From transition schools to permanent schools	347	349	School buildings and class schedules
Utility schools	353	356	Elementary school
Regulation of resources and	360	363	Students and school life
organization in the 1890s		367	Teachers - resources and authorities
Discipline	371	373	Those who fell outside
Some life memories from the schoolroom	379

CHAPTER 13 POVERTY AND HEALTHCARE
Midwives in the community	385	388	Vaccination
Epidemics and health commissions	389	392	Causes of disease
The work of the Health Commission	393	395	Epidemics
Doctors, wise wives - and deaconesses	398	404	A bathing establishment to please
The poor - a growing problem	411	415	New schemes - new thinking

Borge

Contents

PART 1

PART II