Subtitle

Time change - new technology : 1840-1900

Volume

4

E-book

http://urn.nb.no/URN:NBN:no-nb_digibok_2010081708056

Author(s)

Trond Feiring

Year

1998

Publisher

Brøttum historielag Ringsaker historielag Veldre historielag

ISBN

8299175690, 8299175623

Pages

437

Part of the work

Ringsakboka

Source

BIBSYS

Jan Haug has also been photo editor and responsible for the design of this book.

Part 1. Ringsaker around 1840		13
Chapter 1. The new municipality		14

Ringsaker's first chairmanship		14
	Ringsaker's first mayor	15
	The new accountant	16
The village		17
	Nature	17
	Population and business	18

Chapter 2 Crisis and crisis measures		24

crisis		24
	Crisis relief for the poor	24
	Reduced consumption	25
	Grain shortage	26
Crisis measures in the longer term		27
	Granary?	27
	Granary anyway, but in Næroset	30
	Ironworks?	31

Part II. The traditional industries		33
Chapter 3 Agriculture 1840-1875		34

Arable farm		34
	Still "gender and potatoes"?	34
	Stagnation or development?	35
	An arable farming village	36
	New cultivation and better tillage	37
	Toggle usage	39
	Plough	39
	Threshing plant	40
February		41
	Setra	42
	Progress, after all	43
The Uppland agricultural crisis		47
	Times of crisis	48

Chapter 4. Agriculture 1875-1900 49

Shapeshifting?		49
Arable farm		50
	Cheap imported grain	51
	Food flour and milling	52
	Sea oats	53
	Kornbygda Ringsaker	54
	Potato village Ringsaker	55
	New cultivation	55
Mechanization		56
	Increased wages and labor shortages	56
	Mowing machine	58
	Other machines	61
February		64
	Setra	68
	What kind of cow?	71
Other livestock		75
	Goat, sheep, pig	75
	Poultry	76
	Hester	76
	Trav	78
dairy bars		79
	Control associations	86
	But the cow could have milked more	86
	Organization	87

Chapter 5. Access industries		88

	Handicrafts	88
	Handicrafts	89
Hunting and fishing		91
	Fishing	92
	Hunting	94
Horticulture		97

Chapter 6 The forest		99

Home forest and community forest		99
	Home forest	99
	The commons forest	100
The use of the forest		101
	Predation?	102
	Coal and tar burning	103
	Timber sales	104
The 1870s: A new era for the forest		106
	Sawmill	107
	Peat mining	109
	Ringsakskogen at the turn of the century	111

Part III. New business		112
Chapter 7 Distilleries		113

Gardsbrenninga		113
Industrial burning		115
	Beach distillery	116
	Veldre Distillery	117
	Gaupen Distillery	118
	Collaboration	119
	Drifta	120
	Liquor sales	120
The village and the liquor		122
	Distilleries and agriculture	122
	Urban development and liquor sharing	123

Chapter 8 Industry and trade		125

The industry comes to Ringsaker		125
	Status around 1840	126
	The brickworks	128
	Brovold	130
	The stamp house	130
	The color series	131
	Tanneries	131
	Kvisla Bruk and Johannes Olsen	132
	Strømmen Brug and Theodor Krogvig	133
	Fossum	134
	Narud	135
	Ringsaker Fyrstikkfabrikk	136
	Other contractors	137
	The artist of a thousand years Iver Øhre	137
	A pipemaker from Næroset	139
	Status ca. 1840	140
Trade		141
	The landscaper at Stein gets competition	141
	Arne Mæhlum and Mokvern	142
	The landscaper at Stein's "sad end"	144
	Ring beach	145
	Kjos in Gaupen	148
	Bohemians at Brøttum	149
	Nils Olsen in Næroset	151
	Gelderland	152
	Status at the turn of the century	152

Chapter 9 Ringsaker Sparebank		153

	Ringsaker sparebank becomes	153
	Ole Andreas Gjeldt	156
	The Kreutz disaster	158
	The bank's future fate	160

Chapter 10. The first communication revolution		164

	New communications	165
	New shopping locations	166
Steamship on Mjøsa		166
Roads within the village		172
	Road maintenance	173
	Åsmarkingene and road. Nyvegen	174
The transport service		176
	Skyssplikta	176
	Bus stations in the 1840s	177
	Fixed cloud stations	178
Church tray, messenger service and postal service		181
	Church hill	181
	Budstikka	181
	Mail corridors	182

Part IV. Many kinds of people		185
Chapter 11. Farmers and placemen		185

Population growth		185
	More kinds of people	186
Farms and farmers		188
	How many guards?	188
	Large and small yards	189
	The farm structure in 1836	190
	The yard structure in 1903	192
	Large farms as cornerstone businesses	196
	The device lock	197
	Replacement/Vardåsen	199
	Feeder council scheme	200
Places in growth and decline		203
	Growth until 1865	204
	How did the householder live?	204
	Homesteading under debate
	The decline	209

Chapter 12: People on the edge of the village		212

The poor		212
	How many poor people?	214
	Who was poor?	215
	Poor relief	217
	Poverty relief towards the turn of the century	218
	Holo poor farm	219
The insane		219
The strays		221
	The village watchman	223
The criminals		224
	Women as offenders	224
	Randine Dokken and qualified rent target	224
	Marte Skappel ownership and the murder of children in secret	225
	Mari Hansdatter	227
	Men as offenders.
	Thieves and liquor sellers	227
	Tåle Hansen and Andreas Kluftsveen	228
	The liquor	229

Chapter 13 Relocation and emigration		231

Domestic relocation		231
Emigration to America		233
	Pioneers Lars Holo and Niels Kjos	233
	Mass emigration. 1st phase: 1850-1875	235
	Mass emigration. 2nd phase: 1875-1900	238
	Why did they leave?	240

Part V. Health care, illness and living conditions		244
Chapter 14. Health care		245

	Vaccination	245
	Earth Mother	245
	Legends	248
	The nurses	252
	Pharmacy	255
	Hospitals	257
	Healthcare at the turn of the century	259

Chapter 15 Illness and living conditions		260

Sickness		260
	The epidemic diseases	260
	Illness in Ringsaker 1840-1870	260
	Illness 1870-1890	262
	The great diphtheria epidemic 1887-1894	262
	The disease situation towards the end of the century.
	Tuberculosis	265
Living conditions
	Housing	266
	Hygiene and clothing	268
	Diet	269
	Substance abuse	271
	The state of morality	272

Part VI. Who decided?		275
Chapter 16. The municipality		276

	Who was in charge?	276
	Municipal elections	277
	Municipal tasks	279
	The Kreutz disaster	280
	Municipal expenses	280
	City Hall	281

Chapter 17: The Thrane pipe		283

	Labor unions in Ringsaker	283
	Tobias and the parish priest	284
	The members	285

Chapter 18. The countryside and national politics		288

Parliamentary elections and party unity		288
	The year 1868 and Ringsaker parish company	288
	Parliamentary elections	291
	The party teams are created	292
Workers organize anew		296
	Sjur Fedje	296
	Ringsaker Workers' Association	297
	The labor union changes him	297

Part VII. The village's common house Church and school		299
Chapter 19: The church and the priests		300

Churches in Ringsaker		300
	Åsmarka church	303
The priests		305
	The chaplains	307
	The division of the parish	308

Chapter 20 Religious life		309

	The Ringsak people and religion	309
	Haugians, missions and prayer houses	311
	Status at the turn of the century	316
	Dissenting opinion	317

Chapter 21. The school		318

Transition school		318
	Teachers	318
	Life in the schoolroom before 1860	319
	Private schools	321
The mainstream school is coming. The Ringsaker school case		322
	The school revolution in Ringsaker	323
	The teacher as farmer	324
	Teachers organize themselves	327
	Life in the schoolroom after 1860	328
	Crafts and handicrafts	329
	Rifles in schools	329
Primary school is coming		330
The higher community colleges		331
	Evening schools and county schools	334
	Ringsaker no longer a school sink	335

Part VIII. Cultural life		336
Chapter 22 Music, song and celebration		337

The unorganized business		337
	Party, dance and music for the less fortunate	337
	Bales	338
	Dance, party and fun for everyone	341
	Fiddlers	342
The organized business		344
	Song and music associations	344
	The main yoke	344
	Nordre Ringsaker	349
	Gelderland	352
17 May celebration		353

Chapter 23 Knowledge and thirst		357

A love of reading and a thirst for knowledge		357
	Reading societies and libraries	357
	Newspapers	359
	Ringsaker Worker Academy	360
Painters and poets		362
	Johan Nordhagen	362
	Tryggve Andersen	364
	The painting colony at Skoug	365

Chapter 24 Sports		368

	The shooting clubs	368
	Sports	370
	A "madness and a doze over our village"?	373

Part IX. Ringsaker towards the turn of the century		374
Chapter 25: The second communication revolution		375

The railway		375
	The fight for the Ringsaker Line	376
	Ringsaker into the fight	377
	Victory for Ringsakerbanen	377
	More controversy about the Ringsaker Line	378
	The stations	380
	Ringsakerbanen is being built	381
	The railway and the local community	383
	The opening	389
The roads		389
	Chausseen	390
	New rural roads	392
	The road warden with the iron rake	392
Telephones		394
Effects of the second communication revolution		395
	Stimulus for the business community	396
	Ringsaker's new city center: Moelv	396
	Ringstrand and the mail	399
	New postal openings	399

Chapter 26 Conclusion
Ringsaker at the turn of the century		400

Notes		404
Sources and literature		417
Name and place register		420
Keyword index		431

Ringsakboka : village book for Brøttum - Ringsaker - Veldre

Contents

Part 1. Ringsaker around 1840

Part II. The traditional industries

Part III. New business

Part IV. Many kinds of people

Part V. Health care, illness and living conditions

Part VI. Who decided?

Part VII. The village's common house Church and school

Part VIII. Cultural life

Part IX. Ringsaker towards the turn of the century