Local history book for Gaular

Local history book for Gaular
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Oria The National Library of Norway
Library searchAntikvariat.netHistory of the Danes Online
Subtitle
The period 1660-1865 : - Growth within a fixed framework
Volume
2
Author(s)
Jan Anders Timberlid
Year
1992
Publisher
Gaular so-called
Pages
XXIV p., pp. 35-408
Source
BIBSYS

Contents

 INTRODUCTION XVIII
  
 - Problem statements    XIX
 - Administrative division    XX
  
 POPULATION DEVELOPMENT   34
  
 Population in the period 1660-1800   35
 - Manntala and census records   37
 - Registration over time - the church books   38
 - The church book as a source   39
 - Stable population in the period 1660-1801   42
 Population development 1800-1865   45
 - The annual fluctuations in population   45
 - Demographic crises   48
 - Crisis in 1741   48
 - The crises of 1763 and 1771   50
 - Hunger or epidemic?   50
 - The demographic crises of the 19th century   52
 - Cholera in the 1830s and 40s?   52
 - Deaths through acts of war   53
 - Fewer deaths   54
 - What were the consequences of the crises?   55
 The population structure   55
 - Age matching   56
 - Gender composition   57
 - Marital status   61
  
  
 THE RESOURCES IN THE VILLAGE   62
  
 Agriculture   63
 - Operating units 1667-1800   64
 - Why this decline   66
 - Operating units 1800-1865   67
 - The new farmer - the space people   68
 - Shared use / homesteads   70
 - Who had seats   70
 Arable farm   73
 - The extent of grain cultivation 1667-1800   73
 - Are the seeding tasks trustworthy?   74
 - Field production 1800-1865   77
 - The framework for field production   78
 - Crisis in the 1740s   79
 - Crisis in the 1770s   81
 - The crisis years around 1810   83
 - Granary   85
 - Measures to increase field production   86
 - Expansion of arable area   86
 - New product introduction of potato   87
 - Nepe production   89
 - The importance of fertilizer   89
 - "Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's manure water"      91
 - Working with a crawler crane   92
 - Change in technology   93
 Ditching   94
 Animal husbandry   95
 - The scale of livestock farming   95
 - Quality   98
 - The feeding method   99
 - Winter and summer feed 101
 - Hay from the infield 101
 - The outfield sowing 103
 - Other feeds from the outfield 106
 - Haustingsbruket labor-intensive 109
 - Grazing the basis for livestock farming 110
 - The importance of dust 111
 - Time on the farm 116
 - Cottage romance? 116
 - Beast edition 118
 - Disease in the animal herd 119
 - From extensive to intensive use 120
 - Rewarding new initiatives 120
 A landscape shaped by use 122
 - Viken 122
 - Sands 123
 - Outfield slaughters 129
 - Styving tree 130
 - Pasture land 130
 - Other resources 131
 Forestry 133
 - Peat production 137
 - Sale of firewood 138
 - The benefits of other tree species 138
 Handicrafts 139
 - Bøkringa 141
 - Cyclical industry 142
 - How much did the beech ring mean 143
 - Seasonal work? 145
 - The work itself 148
 - Ornamentation and stowage 149
 - Lagging 150
 - Technical innovations 151
 - Weaving/knitting 152
 The fishery 154
 Trading and marketing 158
 - Where did the farmers deliver their goods? 161
 - Deliveries in the city 161
 - Mode of transport 164
 - Osen as a city center 166
  
  
 THE SURPLUS MOVES OUT 170
  
 Relocation in the 19th century 172
 - Still moving people 173
 Migration in the 16th and 18th centuries 175
 - Sunnfjord and Bergen as travel destinations 175
 - Church books and census records as a source of migration?    177
 - Moving to more distant strokes 180
 - Mapping of relocation among confirmands 181
 Why did people from Gaular travel 184
 - Those who did not get a farm 185
 - The desire for freer service conditions 185
 - Move or become a homesteader? 186
 - Was there something enticing? 187
 - Breastfeeding test in Bergen 188
 The move led to a shortage of tenants 191
 - Complaints about teneste shortage 192
 - Attempts to stop tenarane 195
 - Transfer of employees 196
 - Other measures to address the labor shortage 198
 - Fitting size 200
 - Vart tenarmangelen betra 200
 - The military draft led to a shortage of teenagers 201
 - Sabotage of the Tea Act 202
 - Live property? 204
 The solution for those who moved 205
 Moving in 207
 Cultural influence from Bergen 208
  
  
 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION 210
  
 Death as a part of everyday life 211
 The diseases 213
 - New diseases in the 19th century 218
 - Measures against the diseases 219
 - Vaccination 222
 - Hygienic conditions 223
 - The work of Sundt 225
 - The impact of breastfeeding 227
 - Skråtobakken si forbanning 228
 - The Health Commission's work 229
 - Professional knowledge 233
 - A safer life? 235
 From cradle to grave 235
 - Childhood 235
 - The child in the family 237
 - Foster child 238
 - Childhood-a life of work? 239
 - Marie Rennord's childhood story 241
 - Growing up to be awake 243
 - Skulen 244
 - Marriage/family 250
 - Engagement and marriage goals 252
 - Marriageable age 253
 - Ritual in connection with the poisoning case 254
 - The family as a work community 257
 - Birth and maternity 259
 - "Illegitimate" children 261
 - The family as educator 263
 - Old age 265
 - The union administration 266
 - The poor elderly 269
 - Women and elderly care 270
  
  
 WHO SHARED THE RESOURCES 272
  
 Guard farmer 273
 The transition to self-employment 274
 - Svanøygodset in dissolution 276
 - How to raise capital 278
 - Many were unable to make the purchase 280
 - Status after the sale of Svanøygodset 281
 - The further process towards self-sufficiency 282
 - Bergen thugs in an earth hall 282
 - Renter/sailor 285
 - How safe was the mercenary? 287
 The space people 288
 - 1800-1865 - the space people fight 294
 - How to define the househusband 295
 - The rights of space people 298
 - The duties 299
 - What was the function of the ushers? 300
 Differences between Sogn and Sunnfjord 305
 Tenestefolka 306
 - Conditions for tenants 310
 - Butilhøva 312
 Other occupational groups 313
 Poor people 317
 - Caring for the poor 318
 - How many poor people 322
 How to measure prosperity 322
 - Guilty plea 324
 - Tax arrears 324
 - The relationship between population and resources 326
 - Starting point in a farm 327
  
  
 NEW STOCK EXCHANGE PROTESTS 332
  
 Taxation 333
 - Soldier discharge and new taxes 334
 - The extra tax in the 1760s 336
 - Trouble in connection with the extra tax 338
 Mail handling 339
 Skyssplikta 341
 Road construction 343
 - Postvegen Bergen-Trondheim 344
 - Road maintenance in more organized forms 346
 - Requirements for the roads 346
 - Organization of construction and maintenance 348
 - Actions against the road work 351
 Extra carriers in connection with the poor and school system 353
 The row at Eikeland 355
 - The consequences of the tumult 357
 - Judgments 359
  
  
 PEOPLE'S RULE - PEASANT POWER 363
  
 New tasks for the local community 363
 School system 363
 - Organization of the school 366
 - Teachers 367
 - Financing of the debt 368
 - What came out of the school regulations? 370
 - Skulen in the 1800s 370
 Poverty services 372
 - Organization of the poor relief service 374
 - Financing of the poor relief system 374
 Health care 376
 - Midwifery care 377
 The Health Commission 378
 - Your own district doctor? 381
 The conciliation commission 382
 - Who were the members of the first municipal council? 383
 Local government through the chairmanship laws 385
  
  
 SUMMARY 387
  
 Attachments 390
 Dimensions, weight and coins 394
 Abbreviations 394
 Literature and sources 395
 Corrections to tape 1 403
 Register 404