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Contents
Foreword by the village book committee 8
Author's foreword 9
Chapter 1
The time and period 1800-1900 11
Chapter 2
Population and change in a rural area 17
Population through the 1800s 17
The situation in Trøgstad and neighboring villages 19
Increasing population, increasing emigration 22
People are moving 24
Age composition 27
Housing and family conditions 29
Where did the creepy crawlies come from? 31
Challenges for the local community 32
Chapter 3
Farmers, homesteaders and speculators 35
Herredsoversikter from the 1840s 35
Working for modern agriculture 36
Owner and user relationships 38
The censuses tell of changes 39
From homesteaders to freeholders 42
Some examples 43
The situation in 1900 46
Size of the farms 47
Farmers and speculators 49
Household conditions and labor market 52
The crofting system is challenged 55
Chapter 4
Agriculture and other industries 59
Garsrud in the 1860s 59
Garsrud in 1900 61
A large Trøgstad farm - Ekeberg in the 1860s 62
Ekeberg in 1900 63
Cereals and other crops 64
Farm work 68
Grinders and mills 69
Animal husbandry 72
Dairy 76
Domestic servants 76
Employment and service conditions 78
Handicrafts and crafts 80
Mechanization of agriculture 88
New ways of running a farm 91
Agricultural education 92
Veterinarians 95
Farmer organizations and municipal agricultural policy 96
Forestry operations 99
Hunting and fishing 103
Industrial development 106
The time of change 110
Chapter 5
Poverty and health conditions 117
Local poor relief after 1837 117
The vicious circle 119
Daily poor relief 119
Charity 120
New poor laws and new problems 122
Poverty accounts 123
Increasing expenses for poor relief 125
Trøgstad gets a poor farm 128
Organized medical supervision 130
Vaccination and health commission 133
Deaconesses 134
Midwives 135
Health problems 136
Alcohol as a health problem 139
Folk medicine 142
Chapter 6
The school system in old and new tracks 149
The legacy of the 18th century 149
School commission and school laws 151
School districts in 1828 153
The school's finances 154
School visits - local large gatherings 155
Permanent school 157
School teachers get house and land 160
Seminarians 163
School content 164
Exam. 167
A school for the old society? 169
From community school to public school 170
New learning goals for schools 170
Folkeskolen 174<br
